2018 Scienceline Publication  
Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism  
Volume 8, Issue 3: 25-32; May 25, 2018  
ISSN-2252-0430  
Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis  
on Iran  
Hoshang Sarvar1, Zahra Afzali Guroh2 and Toran Kheiri2  
1PhD, Assistant professor of Geography and Urban Planning Department, University of Maragheh, Iran  
2MSc student of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Maragheh, Iran  
Corresponding author’s Email: h.sarvar1351@gmail.com  
ABSTRACT: It is necessary to clarify the status of women at the cities. Because women as a half of the city  
population are one of the most effective group of city. Therefore in their view, a desired place happiness in the  
environment of the city. Environment designing and planning can be considered as a kind of goal- oriented  
approach for the promotion of women status at city environment. The purpose of the current study is to strong and  
weak point opportunity and threats in the feminine city planning and designing. The current research method is a  
combination of library and field method. In the library method, some of information about the status of women in  
the environment of city have been collected and by the use of surveying method and field studies have been done to  
clarify the existent points for development and improvement of planning. Then by the use of SWOT (strengths,  
weaknesses, opportunities, threats) modeling, it has addressed analyzing data. In order to define the weight of  
factors of SWOT, based on interview and filling out question nares some groups of women helped to do it, and in  
the following appropriate strategies were defined in four groups of SO, ST, WO, WT finally in order to choose of  
the best approach, the four point matrix (IE) was used. The results of the study showed that the diversity strategy  
(ST) is the most appropriate approach for development and promotion of city designing and planning that are good  
for women in the society.  
Keywords: Planning, City Designing, Women, SWOT  
INTRODUCTION  
Statement of problem  
Improvement and increase in citizen satisfaction and  
consequently improvement of social welfare. Without  
doubt, realization of a justice city that is a significant  
outlook of a good city rule in a new urban society which  
requires expert planning and careful pathology. With such  
a literature in this article focuses on the status of woman  
in management and planning of city and in addition to  
surveying theoretical and practical dimensions of this  
matter, we pay attention to city condition and departments  
in social life. The important question that comes out here  
is that how far do the decision's and politics in designing  
and urban planning pay attention to the benefits and  
demands of woman?  
The need for development and progress is an inner  
requirement for both man and woman. Motivation for  
self- flourishing and individual evolution and progress  
will be possible in a good environment of meritocracy.  
With such an approach, attention to the gender dimension  
has been urban considered in urban design and planning.  
Because most of experts who critically view today cities  
believe that cities are made by men and that requirements  
of civil life is ignored for woman. One of challenging  
issues of theories and development programs is the status  
of woman in designs and politics of the country.  
Nowadays with such a view the need for revision in urban  
approaches and politics has been considered with the goal  
of fundamental reform in gender inequality.  
That is, based on UN agenda, gender development  
programs are based on gender realities (Longe, 1993: 26).  
Environmental design and programming can be  
considered as a targeted approach to reduce crimes in in  
artificial environments of city which effectively has a  
great impact in increasing social investment, quality  
improvement of social welfare.  
Literature review  
Ramon et al. (2004) in a research has been surveyed  
the role of urban planning in making contact between  
gender and local urban places in Barcelona of Spain. In  
this research it has been basically tried to extract the  
important parameters in the Field of gender planning of  
urban places and finally using the above parameters,  
optimal planning will be done. The result of research has  
shown that woman because of being more vulnerable than  
men, should be considered in urban planning Because  
To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32.  
www.ojceu.ir  
25  
wrong planning can avoid women who involve a great  
number of people in a city , from appropriate use of  
public places of that city.  
Woman and urban planning and design  
City is a set of culture and a framework that has been  
formed due to its requirements, activities and behavior of  
its resident. Human beings behave according to their  
individual and group requirements and define their certain  
behavioral pattern (Pakzad, 2005:1). The concept of  
citizen is an abstract concept for our urban planning. And  
programmers have little tangible imagination of a citizen  
and a citizen in its best from is a young healthy man  
without any problem to communicate in the street. So all  
the city services are for providing his individual needs and  
gender differences of citizens have never been in the  
center of attention of programmers.  
Attention to the fine differences between men and  
women is apparent in any of the city designs. According  
to this, since 1960, growth of women movement and  
matter of relation between city and gender was proposed.  
Women increasingly find out that how city politics in  
different fields of economical, social, cultural and free  
time, housing, transportation, open places, environment,  
safety and etc… can cause them to comfort. Hence, in city  
planning, attention to dispersion, distribution, location of  
activities and services such as training, health, cultural,  
economic and official centers are of great importance  
considering intervals, special connections, natural features  
and environmental potentials (Masavorhawer et al., 1994:  
96). It seems that reaching more beautiful, healthier, more  
appropriate, kinder and safer cities require a revision in  
foundations of national politics of city with emphasis on  
the role of gender factors and feminine values in housing,  
transportation, economic, social and cultural activity  
centers, leisure spaces and tourism.  
Dadvar and Afzali (2007) in an article titled as "role  
women in planning and city design in Kerman " with the  
use of didactic statistical analysis like Cramer coefficient  
and Alpha coefficient, concluded that there is a direct  
relation between once education and highlighting the role  
of women in urban planning and there is an inverse  
relation between education and level of presence of  
women in defending sessions of architecture and urban  
development, between age of women and with their  
participation in urban designing projects, as well as  
between age of women with their participation in  
development projects.  
Sarayi and Ali Rezanjad (2007) in their research  
with a sociological approach and considering women as a  
significant part of society that can have important role in  
social movements, have surveyed limiting factors of  
women's presence in public arenas the results have shown  
that because of in appropriate design of public places and  
domination of masculinity in Iran society, also low level  
of security urban environment, the presence of women in  
these places is so weak.  
Soltani et al. (2011) in a research titled as "urban  
planning in order to enhancing the Iranian – Islamic  
identity of women with the emphasis on the role of city  
quarters" with the method of content analysis. Concluded  
that, promoting current status is necessary in city structure  
by paying attention to native patterns of this country.  
Also, creation of collaborative centers of women for  
activating physical environment of city, creation and  
reinforcement of neighborhood center system in providing  
city services and revival of public places, will be greatly  
effective.  
Grounds for Iranian urban woman from a  
historical viewpoint  
Shokouhi et al. (2013) in an article titled as "women  
participation in safety of public places city of Saghez by  
urban participation model" through library studies and  
PUA Sessions by women and providing appropriate  
strategies, using SWOT model, showed that required  
strategies has been offered for communication and urban  
mobility (like taxi and bus station).  
Khalil Abad et al. (2013) in an article names as  
"planning safe places of city based on gender segregation  
using CPTED approach, case study: district of Farhangian  
in Bonab city" relying on descriptive- analytic method and  
using documentary data and according to CPTED  
approach in the form of SWOT table, concluded that  
Creation of active business ridge and raising night  
economy, removing.  
A review on itineraries show that the main position  
for Iranian urban woman, in the period of Ghajar, was a  
special part, called inside, almost all the itinerary writes  
and observers, remember Iranian woman as someone who  
is looking furtively behind the tall walls without any  
window to the outside. All of them agree that their house  
was divided into two part of inside and outside and that  
women's name were never mentioned outside the house.  
It seems that tall colorful earthen walls that usually  
were remembered in introducing Iranian house, are the  
main symbol of separation for whatever that is called in  
private and household arena with whatever that is outside  
the house. Even, Because of Women not involving in  
social activities, Hasan Beigi refers to the lack of  
information about women's clothing in in old Tehran  
(Hasan Beigi, 1987: 26-29). The presence of women  
outside home was so limited and identifying such  
atmosphere helps recognizing potential feminine arena  
outside home.  
Silent places should be provided on order to promote  
the planning pattern of the city. In this article by taking  
advantage of some results of previous research, it has been  
surveyed the status of women in urban planning and given  
right strategies for promoting city environments for  
women.  
To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32. www.ojceu.ir  
26  
Foreign observers suggest the image of secluded a  
creature from an Iranian woman, Their reasons for this  
isolation is based on two point: her clothing 2) her  
absence in public assemblies.  
circles were formally masculine. Although mother of shah  
had hold special celebrities called "feminine Islam", these  
celebrations were also ridiculed and never been  
considered as serious.  
In reports of Karla Serna (1983), Lady Shal (1989),  
Brogesh (1988) and etc. it has referred to holy places and  
tombs out of city or visiting relatives graves on Thursday  
evenings. Markets, public bathrooms and relative’s house.  
Public bathroom was a place for exchanging the latest  
news about the city and it has been called a place for  
"picnic" and a kind of "circle". These places were for the  
continuation of home arena (for playing the traditional  
role of Feminine) and were completely feminine and  
practically most of women's time was spent in such  
places. However Karla sevena refers to more low- class  
women of society washing clothes in the Allais.  
So, it seems that probably low-class women in order  
to do their daily duties and every day riles, were seen  
more out behind the tall walls of houses. But in this case  
should be taken into account that they were seen near their  
living places and with other women. Poolak (1989) also  
reports that whenever a family wished to, they sent their  
daughters to schools. In those days schools they were  
separated from boys at the. Age of 9 and were completely  
separated from them thereafter.  
Historical surveys show that Iranian urban woman  
was allowed to be present at special arenas that generally  
had feminine tissue. Observations of foreign of men and  
women, observed certain rules. Laydy Shal states: "Before  
we went off the ship, I covered myself in a thick chador  
(hijab) and I tried to imitate the local women. As I didn’t  
want to annoy Muslim people's emotion so I agreed on  
doing such a thing (Shal, 1989: 19).  
Whenever in the streets, hijab of a woman goes away  
because of accident, men near her have to keep their eyes  
off from her until she orders herself again. Even the old  
beggar woman is never seen without mark in the streets.  
this triggers public curiosity and even people sympathize  
with them. Just the face of a chador- wearing woman is  
apparent that they also cover it in front of strangers  
(Poolak, 1989: 157). With respect to the condition of  
society among this period and had the assumption that  
Iranian women were secluded ones.  
The ambassador of Japan, in the period of Nasser-  
Addin Shah states in his itinerary: "women were wearing  
chador that had covered them from top to bottom and only  
the eyes had a view to outside from behind a lace mask  
(Masaharo, 1998: 176). Apparently this isolation was even  
extreme when communicating with men.  
MATERIALS AND METHODS  
The method of this research is, materials and  
documents, descriptive and library studies. In order to  
clarify the explanation and description of the research it  
has been tried to collect the related information in line  
with subject of the research by exploring in scientific  
texts, articles, websites, magazines and etc. Then it  
identifies the positive point, weaknesses in planning  
related to women and chances and threats. In a  
brainstorming session and an interview with urban  
planning reporters (experts), following the research based  
on their viewpoint it has been weighed to every factor in  
SWOT strategy and finally the big strategies appropriate  
with planning has been defined for this group.  
Urban planning for women in the abroad  
City programmers, have combined city designing  
and gender mainstreaming for more that two decades. So,  
before any research is done, data are collected to estimate  
how different groups of people use public places. In 1999,  
formal authorities of Vienna, Austria asked the residents  
of a city how and how often do they use public  
transportation. Orsoal Baer one of authorities in this  
research states that: "most of the filled out the  
questionnaire less than 5 minutes but women were  
continuing writing them".  
Men reported that two times a day, in the mornings  
for going to the work and at night for coming back home.  
They used car or public transportation. However women  
for hundreds of reasons, use sidewalks, buses, metro lines  
and tramway they had written things like this: some  
mornings I take children I help my mother in shopping  
and get back children to home by metro.  
Position and formation of feminine social  
relations in Iran  
Surveying the places were urban woman was  
allowed to be at and also by study the way of her  
communication with the outside world, it can be said  
that, Iranian women of Naseri period had a special zone  
that men were not allowed to enter at it. In addition that  
women themselves had no reach to places that were  
dedicated for men. Reports also suggest that in home  
parties and other circles. Gender separation was seriously  
observed, in a way that the relation of strange women was  
also accelerated. Karla Serena (1983), in this case says  
that: "There nothing called as home party in Iran" (Serena,  
1983: 117). Gander separation was up to a point that the  
Women used more of public transportation than men  
and most of them used to walk. They also dedicated their  
time between work and household commitments such as  
taking care of children their old parents. Urban planning  
experts planned to promote sidewalk conditions and  
facilitate public transportation availability (Figure 1).  
To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32. www.ojceu.ir  
27  
The conference of "building safer places and  
women's safety in city" was hold in November 2005 in  
London. In this conference was also done on Vietnamese  
women that were in the form of 3 workshop: 1) city  
designing workshop 2) methods of estimation and  
evaluation workshop 3) priority practice and practical  
designs was focused on matters like availability,  
movement and active view and other things that reduce  
the chance of criminal acts and introduced places that  
were successful and were well- designed in appearance  
and had various motions.  
The workshop of method of evaluation showed that  
some matters should be taken into account: empty stores,  
unnecessary staffs, lack of liable such as police and guard  
and weak light have the most priority in weakening the  
safety (report of conference of London 2005: 25).  
Figure 1.  
In recent years in Australia a new movement of  
urbanism has been spread, the movement of "night  
economy" has had a great impact on different parts  
especially city centers and has certain meanings for  
women. At first it seems that women are fewer users,  
unless the availability of transportation and station of  
transportation develop more. Design of garages considers  
security matters and design of big shopping centers and at  
night and this way, light and public transportation and its  
related services will develop. In addition it revivifies  
cultural and amusement programs such as events and  
street activities. Here more combination for the use to  
such places should take place. Renting places that are  
currently empty, If are temporarily used, many locations  
will be provided for cultural activities. The light is  
designed in a way that it attracts more people with its light  
spectrum so that more people come around city center.  
Decorative lamps for streets and building and the light  
coming out of stores and other else help improved the  
safety (Hamedi & Naeemi, 2010: 16).  
Figure 2.  
In order to making walking safer at nights for  
women, more lights were added and on the other hand  
sidewalks were made wider so that people could walk  
easily on tight allies. A big staircase with a slop inside it  
was installed near the big intersections of streets, so that  
crossing facilitated for those a carriage or others that used  
will chairs. Vien has applied gender mainstreaming in  
parts of city management including health and education  
politics. However nowhere was much effective than urban  
planning. More than 60 hundreds experimental project  
have been done so far. In increasing size of these projects,  
gender mainstreaming has been turned into a constraint,  
therefore to reform the city to its real meaning, then, the  
organization of " green city" soon started a set of  
experimental projects for mainstreaming in urban  
planning. One of the first projects that were designed for  
women and by them in 21 region of the city.  
The idea was to create a home that would facilitate  
life for women (Figure 2). According to this idea there are  
buildings that yard surrounds them. There are circle and  
green parts in the yard that allows parents and children  
spend time outside home without going to some faraway  
places. These set of apartments consist of kindergarten,  
drugstore and doctors Clinic. It is also near to public  
transportation and so makes traveling to school and work  
place easy for women.  
Analysis of data by SWOT modeling  
SWOT modeling is one of strategic tools for  
matching inner strengths and weaknesses of system with  
weakness and threats of system or chances and threats of  
outer system. SWOT modeling gives a strategic analysis  
for recognizing these factors and selection of the strategy  
that creates the best matching among them. From this  
viewpoint, this model is an appropriate strategy that  
maximizes strengths and chances and minimizes  
weaknesses and threats. In fact, the key point of this  
model is the analysis of a range of all positional features  
of system and there for providing a useful framework for  
the selection of strategies (Hekmatnia and Mousavi, 2006:  
294). Based on this in order to suggest good strategies,  
planning stable and desired places of city is considered as  
inevitable in a way that gender differences are observed in  
it and help recognize ingredients and elements to remove  
weaknesses and threats and promote strengths and  
chances. So in order to improve such places, first it takes  
To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32. www.ojceu.ir  
28  
into account the classifying of the most important inner  
strengths and weaknesses and outer threats and chances.  
As it is shown in table 1, in city planning's and  
designs, based on women's position, number of 11  
strengths versus 11 outer chances versus 9 outer threats  
has been recognized and surveyed. In sum number of 22  
strengths point and chances as advantage and number of  
20 weaknesses and threats as limitation, confronting  
planning of desired places for women has been  
recognized. In addition through questionnaire, general  
advantages and limitations for prioritizing the options, has  
been evaluated and completed by groups of urban women.  
In the table below it is shown prioritizing and significance  
coefficient is given and the rank and final marks of each  
strengths, weaknesses, chances and threats are  
shown.rank1: critical weakness, rank 2: usual weakness,  
rank 3: usual strength, rank 4: perfect strength, As it is  
shown in table 1: factors such as light facilities and light  
at night in public places, public transportation, space for  
safe crossing and walking, women active role in city  
architecture and urban development, higher education  
chances for girls and Existence of security measures such  
as locational positions of stations., are the most important  
points that are mentioned for desired planning and based  
on women needs.  
Zoning rules that have caused separation of users  
and accommodation in surroundings and women and  
getting far away from city center, extreme separation of  
residential and commercial areas, in a way that women's  
need in balancing home and economical duties, have been  
ignored. Unsafe places for women for example low class  
areas of the city, margins of half- built buildings and silent  
allies, using some features like garage, public toilets,  
Telephones and automatic cars that are considered as  
vulnerable factors, open spaces (parks and sides of city)  
and places (allies and under passes) and narrow sidewalks  
and mentioned as the most weakness points in planning  
and women points in points in planning and women axis  
designing.  
Table 1. The matrix of inner factors evaluation (IFE) designing and planning desired places for women  
Mark  
(grade)  
Rank  
)1-4(  
Significance  
factor  
Row  
0.02  
4
0.05  
Existence of light at night in public places.  
S1  
0.16  
0.16  
0.12  
0.24  
0.2  
4
4
3
4
4
4
3
3
0.04  
0.04  
0.04  
0.06  
0.05  
0.05  
0.04  
0.05  
Existence of special agency for women.  
Involvement & leadership of women in local politics  
Safety of public parks that women experience fear in them.  
Public transportation and places for safe and effective walking.  
Women's active role in city architecture urban development.  
Increasing higher education chances for girls.  
S2  
S3  
S4  
S5  
S6  
S7  
S8  
S9  
0.2  
0.12  
0.15  
Separated public places women, such as women's park  
Existence of security measures such as location position of stations  
Security of women by some evaluations like special guards in required places like when women  
work late at night  
0.16  
0.12  
1.63  
4
3
-
0.04  
0.04  
0.5  
S10  
S11  
Cultural amusement programs in city areas  
Sum  
Regional rules cause the separation of user and accommodation of surroundings women getting  
far away from city center  
0.06  
0.06  
0.1  
1
2
2
0.06  
0.03  
0.05  
W1  
W2  
W3  
Absence of expertise in traveling to city areas  
Extreme separation of residential and commercial areas in a way that women's need are ignored  
in balancing household and economical duties  
The possibility of hard entrance to special work of men, market and technical and specialized  
exchanges, are some of these places  
0.06  
2
0.03  
W4  
1
1
0.04  
0.04  
Fear of using garages of city and crossing sidewalks at nights  
Disability of viewing public places and public ways  
W5  
W6  
0.04  
0.04  
Unsafe places for women like low- class regions of the city, margins of half- built building and  
silent allies  
0.06  
0.1  
1
2
0.06  
0.05  
W7  
W8  
Using features such as garage, public toilets, telephones and automatic machines that are  
considered as vulnerable factors  
0.1  
2
1
2
0.05  
0.06  
0.03  
Open areas (parks and surrounding of the city) and sidewalks(allies and under passes)  
Narrow sidewalks and entrance to places that are banned by beggars.  
Positions without any owner and custodian.  
W9  
0.04  
0.06  
W10  
W11  
0.72  
-
0.5  
Sum  
2.35  
-
1
Sum of weaknesses & strengths  
Rank 1= serious threat; Rank 2= usual threat, Rank 3= usual chance, Rank 4= exceptional chance. Source: findings of research  
To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32. www.ojceu.ir  
29  
Table 2. Evaluation matrix of outer factors (EFE) - designing and planning desired places for women  
Mark  
(grade)  
Rank  
)1-4(  
Significance  
factor  
Outer factors  
Row  
0.16  
0.24  
0.2  
4
4
4
0.04  
0.06  
0.05  
Attempts for civilization and improvement of city places.  
Users politics in sectional range.  
O1  
O2  
O3  
Good location choice for educational, cultural and amusement facilities  
New metro stations made of glass so that women can be seen inside and also they can see their  
surrounding.  
0.12  
3
0.04  
O4  
0.12  
0.2  
3
4
0.04  
0.05  
Increasing economical movements and night activities.  
Promoting night transportation services.  
O5  
O6  
Improving and promoting the quality of life and household matters of women though  
participating in group and community places.  
0.09  
3
0.03  
O7  
0.2  
4
4
4
3
-
0.05  
0.06  
0.04  
0.04  
0.5  
Some roles of management with support of women assemblies.  
Dedicating some roles of managements support of women assemblies.  
Reorganization and planning environments in line with women's perception of danger.  
Acknowledgement and other signs and information's  
Sum  
O8  
O9  
0.24  
0.16  
0.12  
1.85  
0.07  
0.06  
0.1  
O10  
O11  
1
1
2
0.07  
0.06  
0.05  
Feeling extreme insecurity  
T1  
T2  
T3  
Fear as the factor of absence in public places  
Women's vulnerability in silent and private places  
Areas in which the apartments are close shopping centers. These buildings are exposed to many  
dangers, because they empty during the day & have the least natural care.  
Big shopping centers and places where have cinema bar and amphitheater have more problems  
than places that are located around the city  
0.1  
0.1  
2
2
0.05  
0.05  
T4  
T5  
0.07  
0.1  
1
2
2
1
-
0.07  
0.05  
0.04  
0.06  
0.5  
Some bothering's for women such as: scaring by cars, ridiculing and sexual abuse  
Social crimes in public places  
T6  
T7  
T8  
T9  
0.08  
0.06  
0.74  
2.59  
Focus on users land that create crime and bothering behavior  
Designing and planning body factors of city without considering gender observations  
Sum  
-
1
Sum of chances and threats  
Rank 1= serious threat; Rank 2= usual threat, Rank 3= usual chance, Rank 4= exceptional chance.  
According to table 2, applying mixed users policy in  
sectional range, good location of educational, cultural and  
amusement facilities, promoting night transportation  
services, dedicating some management roles with the  
support of women assemblies, rearrangement of places,  
basic factors such as pruning the trees and recognizing  
dark areas of the city. It have been the most important  
chances in the field of planning for women. Extreme  
feeling of insecurity, fear as the factor of absence in  
public places, bothering women such as: scaring them by  
car, ridiculing and sexual abuse, designing and planning  
of the body factors of city without considering gender  
observations are mentioned as the most important threats  
in this field according to the obtained results based on  
SWOT analysis, in order to promote the plans and designs  
of the city with respect to position and conditions of  
women in cities the following strategies in table 3 are  
given.  
Table 3. Strategies of feminine programs and designs improvement  
Threats (T)  
Opportunists (O)  
SWOT  
ST  
SO  
Offensive and competitive strategies  
Diversity strategies  
Reinforcement of alignment of city development programs with Reinforcement of investment for creation of places that  
feminine users.  
facilitates services to the women such as women markets.  
Give attention to the role of women to work on places related  
to architectural units and city development.  
. Promotion of urban villages as an option for old centers and based on  
sidewalk centers and transportation stations.  
. Movement to growing night economy.  
Reinforcement of the role of government in stabilizing social  
security.  
. Designing shopping centers using findings of crime- recognition (e.g.  
Number of benches to sit on or decrease in the ways that are dedicate  
for traveling) that creates less chance to get together in such places.  
WT  
Designing safe transportation for women.  
WO  
Defensive strategies  
Reviewing strategies  
Using media and new information technology and attracting support of  
projects and programs that gender observation is considered in them.  
Generation of cooperative assemble, of women in designing and  
planning and introducing relative subjects with gender.  
Promotion of cultural level and reinforcement of Islamic culture.  
Following the cooperative programs in the environment  
Rebuilding and reforming city areas and proceedings for  
investigation of these areas.  
Existence of a good security system for fast recognition of  
social crimes.  
Temporary use of empty places.  
Source: findings of research  
To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32. www.ojceu.ir  
30  
Also according to the results, the regional rules that  
caused the separation of user and accommodation around  
the city and women getting away from city center,  
extreme separation of residential and commercial areas,  
that is, ignoring women needs in marking balance  
between household and economical activities, unsafe  
places for women like low-class areas of the city, margins  
of half- built building and empty and silent allies, using  
features such as garages, public toilets, telephones and  
automatic machines that are considered as vulnerable  
factors. Open areas (parks and the country) and pass ways  
(allies and under passes) and narrow sidewalks and  
entrance to places that are banned by beggars, are the  
most important weak points in feminine planning and  
designing.  
Four point inner and outer Matrix (IF)  
For analyzing the inner and outer factors at the same  
time it is used of tool called inner and outer Matrix. In  
order to from this Matrix, grades obtained from evaluative  
matrixes of inner and outer factors should be placed in  
vertical and horizontal dimensions of this matrix, so that  
place of industry becomes clear and good strategies can be  
taken (Kurdaich and Azar Niakan, 2009: 105). The matrix  
under the study here is of checkered kind in checkered  
matrix, these grades are defined in a spectrum of two parts  
including weak (1-2.5) and strong (2.5-4). According to  
inner and outer matrix, planning and feminine city  
development is placed in home III. Therefor diversity  
strategy should be used for promotion and reformation  
program and city designs.  
2.5  
The application of mixed user policy in  
neighborhood range good accommodation of educational,  
cultural and amusement facilities, promotion of night  
transportation services, dedicating part of management  
roles with the support of women assemblies, rearranging  
the spaces, basic factors such as pruning trees and  
recognizing the dark comers of the city… are the most  
important outer chances for women in planning field.  
Among outer threats, feeling extreme un security, fear as a  
factor of the absence in public places, bothering women  
such as: scaring them by car, ridiculing, sexual abuse,  
designing and planning the body factors of city without  
considering, using the inner and outer evaluation matrix,  
the strong and weak points and confronting threats in  
planning and designing cities for women, were classified,  
then using the inner and outer factor analysis matrix at the  
same time (IE), necessarily diversity strategy (ST) for  
development and promotion of feminine programs of city  
development programs with feminine user programs,  
promotion of city villages as an option for old centers and  
based on sidewalk location, centers and transportation  
stations, movement for growing night economy, designing  
shopping center with the findings of crime- recognition  
(e.g. reducing number of benches to crossing through that  
cause less opportunity of getting together in these centers.  
4
II  
WO  
I
SO  
Concession  
of inner  
factors  
(2.35) &  
Concession  
of outer  
factors  
IV  
WT  
III  
ST  
2.5  
(2.59)  
Figure 3. Final grade of inner & outer factor evaluation  
matrix. Source: findings of the research, 2015  
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  
Study the way of women's presence during historical  
period in cities and by breaking down the traditional rules  
in modern world, in city programing, attention to  
traditional values on one hand and considering new needs  
of this group on the other hand, are very important. In  
general very city development and programming that  
consider women, will cause less crimes.  
Some places, some times for certain gender create  
feeling of fear and more commonly feeling of  
noncompliance. In this study that is in line with the  
analysis of urban women condition is done by marking  
grounds for fulfilling the development strategies of  
feminine programs, the inner factors (Strength and  
weakness points) and outer factors (threats and chances)  
were recognized. Among strength points factors such as  
light facilities at night in public places, public  
transportation and place for safe and effective walking,  
women's active role in architecture and city development,  
increasing chances of higher education for girls and  
existence of security measures, like the position of  
stations, are considered as the most important advantages  
in the field of designing and programming that is  
appropriate for women.  
DECLARATIONS  
Authors’ Contributions  
All authors contributed equally to this work.  
Competing interests  
The authors declare that they have no competing  
interests.  
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