using many natural and constructed elements, including
topography, elevation, water, land cover, and surrounding
environments formation and architecture design
techniques to protect residents from the adverse effects of
climate on comfort has led to the formation of Iranian
housing. For this reason, the housing of each climate is
highly consistent and adaptable to the native conditions in
Many studies have been conducted in the field of
traditional Iranian housing, among which the studies of
Professor Pirnia in the form of reference books are taught
in Iran's universities. The basics mentioned in this article
are mainly derived from these books, including the book
of Persian architectural methods by Gholam Hossein
Memarian in 2002. In the book of Residential
Architecture of Iran, Memarian also addresses the
typology of the introverted and extraterrestrial form of
traditional Iranian housing, which has occurred through
the formulation of housing for each region. Mohammad
Tavassoli, in a book entitled Building a City and
Architecture in the Dry Climate in 2012, explores the
climate impact on the formation of housing and even
urbanization in that climate. Other books on building
elements of Iranian traditional architecture for ventilation
and climate in the dry climate have been compiled
including the publication of the book of natural cooling in
traditional buildings of Iran, by Mehdi Bahadirinejad.
from the equator, has vast desert plains in the central area
It has very hot summers and cold winters.
On the other hand, in the cold and dry climate of the
Alborz and Zagros mountains in the western and
northwest regions, it creates cold winters for the
inhabitants of this region. Traditional Iranian houses have
always been one of the most important sections of Iranian
architecture and have great popularity among its
inhabitants .Because most of the time spent in the lives of
the people and all of the activities that can take place in
the open and semi-open spaces are formed in it (Asefi and
architectural building in Iran has a significant contribution
to determining fuel and energy consumption. On the other
hand, traditional Iranian architecture has used designing
techniques in traditional houses to answer those issues
Each climate is proportional to its climate zone, and
it is considering measures to build housing in that region
that is responsive to the same climate. Building form is
one of the most important strategies for optimizing fuel
consumption. In the following, introducing and describing
the traditional form of Iranian housing in two hot and cold
regions and cities of Iran, we examine and analyze this
claim
Types of houses
Buildings are divided into several categories
according to the location of spaces in different parts of the
yard:
1. With spaces on one side of the yard
2. With spaces on both sides of the yard and facing
each other
3. With spaces on the courtyard side, L-shaped
4. With spaces on the three sides of the yard. U
shape
MATERIAL AND METHOD
At first, a brief explanation of the theoretical foundations
includes the concepts and key elements of the climate of
traditional Iranian buildings will be explained. Then a
variety of dominant buildings in different climates of Iran
are introduced. And then the buildings of Ganje zadeh in
the city of Tabriz as the dominant form of the building in
a cold climate and the Afsharian building in Shiraz is
introduced as the dominant form in warm and dry climate.
Then these two buildings are examined for thermal
performance. Energy simulations have been done using
Honeybee that is a weather and energy analysis tool for
grasshopper 3D package and connects grasshopper to
Energy Plus simulation engine. Simulations are done in
two parts. Simulations are performed for each month of
the year. Each building once was modeled in its own
climate and once again in a different climate and the
results are compared.
5. With spaces around the yard:
In this species, the organization of spaces with
regard to domestic migration has taken place in different
seasons. In this way parts facing sun has used during the
winter, and parts that placed back to sun used in summers
Theoretical bases considering climate change around
the world and increasing fossil fuel consumption, it is
important to control and manage optimal fuel
consumption. Although Iran is a land of four seasons with
a lot of climate variations However, Iran is located in a
semi-arid climatic zone relative to its latitude and distance
Figure 1. The shape of the spaces in different parts of the
yard
To cite this paper: Mehdizadeh Dalir S and Mokhtari Kashavar M (2018). The Effect of Iranian Traditional Architectural Forms on Reducing Energy Consumption; Comparison of
Two Types of Buildings in Hot-Dry and Cold Climates (Case study: Afsharian House and Ganjei Zadeh House). J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 33-38. www.ojceu.ir
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