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Volume 12 (2); June 25, 2022
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Research Paper
The Efficiency of Grey Water Treatment by Using Selected Sand Bed Bioreactors in South West Nigeria
Famakinwa J, Ojo OM, Williams ChG.
J. Civil Eng. Urban., 12(2): 07-13, 2022; pii:S225204302100002-12
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jceu.2022.2
Abstract
In drinking or treated water, filtration plays a relevant role in the multi barrier approach used for the removal of pathogens. The presence of suspended solids and other particulate matter in grey water increases the resistance of most microbes to disinfection. These study aimed to determine the most suitable sand that can be utilized in the construction of sand bed bioreactor in grey water treatment. The bioreactor is expected to remove significant amount of grey water physical properties (odor, color, turbidity), physicochemical properties (pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, hardness, Nitrate, Magnesium, etc) and heavy metals (Iron, Cadmium, Chromium, Biological Oxygen Demand or BOD, Chemical Oxygen Demand or COD). Sand samples are collected from four different locations in southwest Nigeria to serve as the filter media in the bioreactor. Soil physical property test is carried out on all sand samples that was collected across southwest. The result of the study showed an improvement in physical property, about 80% improvement in physicochemical property and heavy metals. Eleyele soil sample effectively improved water quality compared to other soil samples.
Keywords: Filtration, Pathogens, Sand Bed Bioreactors, Grey Water, Physicochemical, Biological Oxygen Demand.
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Research Paper
Study on Compressive of Plypropylene Fibre Concrete at Abnormally Hight Temperature
Van Thanh D, Van Tinh Ph, and Thinh Cd.
J. Civil Eng. Urban., 12(2): 14-19, 2022; pii:S225204302100003-12
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jceu.2022.3
Abstract
The concrete structures will absorb temperature when it is exposed to fire or explosion incident. Depending on the period of time of the absorbtion process, its’ temperature could reach over a few hundreds to less than a thousand degrees Celsius, this abnormally high temperature could affect negatively on its. Assessing the bearing capacity of the concrete after the accident is necessary for the structure’s safety. This article investigated the compressive strength of two types of concrete (polypropylene fiber concrete and plain concrete – control concrete) that are burned in conditions at three temperature levels (500oC, 700oC, 900oC) and during three periods of burning time (60', 120', 180'). The research results showed that: the fire incidents affected seriously on the compressive strength of both types of concrete; the greatest decrease of the compressive strength is about 70%; the compressive strength of polypropylene fiber concrete decreases with a rate higher than that of ordinary concrete, but their values are not much different
Keywords: Abnormally high temperature; Burning temperature; Fibre concrete; Polypropylene fibre; Compresive strength.
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Research Paper
Development of a Framework for Reduction of Urban Traffic Congestion: Case Study of Akure Central Business District, Nigeria
Adelakun S, and Olufikayo A.
J. Civil Eng. Urban., 12(2): 20-26, 2022; pii:S225204302100004-12
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jceu.2022.4
Abstract
Traffic congestion has become a problem in the central business district of Akure. These roads during peak periods have defied measures to alleviate such congestion, leading to poor mobility and economic losses in form of costs of fuel, oil, as well as time cost of road users. The field survey was conducted on two major roads in the Central Business District (CBD) namely Oba Adesida and Arakale roads while considering the two directions along each route namely directions A and B, C and D respectively. Traffic parameters such as flow rate, speed and density were analyzed from the traffic data collected from each route along each direction. The field survey was carried out for a week (from Monday to Sunday) during the peak periods. The speed along direction A of Oba Adesida road was low due to more vehicles traversing the route. However, the speed of vehicles along direction D of Arakale road was lower than that along direction C. The traffic parameters were plotted against each other for the four directions for the morning, afternoon and evening periods. The derived linear models (equations) along the four directions gave minimum speeds for morning, afternoon and evening of 33.64 km/hr, 33.65 km/hr and 30.71km/hr respectively along direction A and 30.94 km/hr, 31.80 km/hr and 31.88 km/hr respectively along direction B for Oba-Adesida road; 36.59 km/hr , 35.30 km/hr, 33.58 km/hr respectively along direction C and 35.25 km/hr, 34.75 km/hr and 34.07 km/hr respectively along direction D for Arakale road for no congestion to occur.
Keywords: Traffic congestion, mobility, Central Business District, Level of Service
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